Mbiri ya Walt Disney kuyambira 1923 mpaka 1937

Timayamba nkhani za mbiri ya Walt Disney Company ndi gawo loyamba, lomwe limakhudza zaka kuyambira 1923 mpaka 1937.

Kuyambira 1921 mpaka 1927

Kalelo mu 1921, m'nyengo yodziwika ndi zokhumba zachangu komanso kuyesa kwaluso, owonetsa makanema achichepere aku America, Walt Disney ndi Ub Iwerks, adapanga Situdiyo ya Laugh-O-Gram ku Kansas City, Missouri. Situdiyo iyi, ngakhale kuti akabudula ake adapambana, posakhalitsa idapezeka kuti ikuyang'anizana ndi bankirapuse, kukankhira Disney kufunafuna mwayi watsopano ku Hollywood, komwe pamodzi ndi mchimwene wake Roy O. Disney, adayambitsa Disney Brothers Studio mu 1923.

Ndi kusintha komwe kunayimiridwa ndi kugula kwa "Alice's Wonderland", filimu yaifupi yomwe inasakaniza makanema ojambula ndi zochitika zamoyo, ndi wofalitsa wa New York Margaret J. Winkler, abale a Disney anayamba kupanga Alice Comedy. Makanema afupiafupiwa anali chiyambi chabe chazinthu zatsopano komanso zopambana zomwe zikanawonetsa njira ya kampani yomwe idabadwa.

Kusamukira ku situdiyo yayikulu pa Hyperion Street mu 1926 kunali chiyambi cha nyengo yatsopano, ndipo dzina likusintha kukhala Walt Disney Studio. Munali ndendende mu nthawi imeneyi pamene khalidwe la anabadwa Oswald the Lucky Rabbit (Oswald the Lucky Rabbit), mndandanda woyamba wopangidwa ndi Disney, wofalitsidwa ndi Universal Pictures. Komabe, kutsatira mikangano yamakontrakitala ndi Charles Mintz komanso kutayika kwa ufulu kwa Oswald, Disney ndi Iwerks adakakamizika kuyambiranso, kupanga mawonekedwe omwe adzakhale chithunzi chapadziko lonse lapansi: Mickey Mouse.

Kuyambira 1928 mpaka 1937

"Mickey Mouse" inayamba mu 1928 ndi "Steamboat Willie", chachifupi choyambirira chojambula chokhala ndi mawu olumikizidwa, kuwonetsa chiyambi cha nthawi yamtengo wapatali ya Walt Disney Studios. Kupambana kwaposachedwa kwa Mickey Mouse kunapangitsa kuti pakhale mafilimu ambiri achidule, komanso kuyamba kwa Silly Symphonies, mndandanda womwe unagwiritsa ntchito njira zatsopano zofotokozera komanso zamakono, monga kugwiritsa ntchito Technicolor.

Zaka khumi zotsatira zidawona kukulirakulira kwa Disney m'malo atsopano, kuphatikiza kugawa padziko lonse lapansi, kupanga malonda, komanso kukhazikitsidwa kwa otchulidwa atsopano, monga. Donald Duck Donald Bakha. Njira zosiyanasiyana komanso chidwi pazabwino zidapangitsa Disney kusaina mapangano ogwiritsira ntchito utoto ndikupanga filimu yoyamba yamakanema, "Biancaneve ei sette nani", ndikuyambitsa mtundu wa makanema ojambula monga tikudziwira lero.

Panthawi imodzimodziyo, Disney inasintha msika wogulitsa malonda, ndikupanga zoseweretsa, mawotchi ndi zinthu zina zamutu, kupanga chitsanzo cha bizinesi chomwe chimaphatikizapo zosangalatsa, zatsopano ndi njira zamalonda. Kubadwa kwa magazini Mickey mbewa ku Italy zidasintha kwambiri pakuzindikirika padziko lonse lapansi mtundu wa Disney, kuchitira umboni kukopa kwakukulu kwa otchulidwa ake kupitilira malire aku America.

Kuyambira pachiyambi chochepa cha Laugh-O-Gram Studio mpaka kukhazikitsidwa kwa ufumu wa makanema ojambula womwe ukupitilira kusangalatsa mibadwo, nkhani ya zaka zoyambirira za Walt Disney ndi ulendo wopatsa chidwi waukadaulo, kupirira, ndi masomphenya abizinesi. Ulendo womwe unasintha zovuta kukhala mwayi, zomwe zikuwonetsa chiyambi cha gawo lodziwika bwino la mbiri yamakanema ndi makanema ojambula.

Alice Comedy: Walt Disney's Pioneering Short Films

Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yake, Walt Disney adayambitsa akabudula angapo osinthika omwe amawonetsa mbiri ya makanema ojambula: Alice Comedies. Zopangidwa pakati pa 1924 ndi 1927, ntchito zaupainiyazi zidaphatikiza zochitika zamoyo ndi makanema kwanthawi yoyamba, ndikuyambitsa protagonist wachichepere, Alice, kudziko lodabwitsa.

Chiyambi: Alice's Wonderland

Chiyambi cha Alice Comedies chikhoza kubwereranso ku Laugh-O-Gram Studio, yomwe inakhazikitsidwa ndi Disney ku Kansas City mu 1922. Ndi gulu lomwe linaphatikizapo zimphona zamtsogolo monga Ub Iwerks ndi Friz Freleng, Disney anatulutsa "Wonderland of Alice" , filimu yaifupi yoyendetsa ndege yomwe inasakaniza zenizeni ndi zongopeka m'njira yatsopano. Ngakhale kuti panali zovuta zachuma zomwe zidapangitsa kuti situdiyo itsekedwe, mwachidule chimenecho chikanakhazikitsa maziko opambana amtsogolo a Disney.

Kuchokera ku Kansas City kupita ku Hollywood: Kubadwa kwa Alice Comedies

Atasamukira ku Los Angeles mu 1923, Disney sanachedwe kutsitsimutsa ntchito yake yatsopano. Mothandizidwa ndi wofalitsa Margaret J. Winkler, Disney ndi mchimwene wake Roy adayambitsa Disney Bros. Studio, kubereka Alice Comedies. Mndandandawu, womwe umaphatikizapo makanema afupiafupi 56, adawona Alice, yemwe adaseweredwa koyambirira ndi Virginia Davis, akulowera ku Land of Cartoons, akumacheza ndi anthu owonetsa makanema kuphatikiza Julius the mphaka, kalambulabwalo wa Mickey Mouse wotchuka kwambiri.

Zatsopano ndi Kuyesera

Alice Comedies anali odziwika chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molimba mtima ma TV osakanikirana, kuyembekezera malingaliro omwe angakhale pakati pa makanema ojambula a Disney. Kupyolera mu ntchito izi, Disney adayesa ndikukonza njira zomwe zingatanthauzire kalembedwe kake, kuphatikiza kamvekedwe ka mawu komwe kadzakhala kosintha mu "Steamboat Willie." Zotsatizanazi zidakhala ngati njira yoyambitsira maluso ngati Iwerks, yemwe adatenga gawo lofunikira pakukulitsa mawonekedwe ndi makanema ojambula.

Cholowa chokhalitsa

Alice Comedies adalemba zoyamba zofunika za Disney, kukhazikitsa maziko pomwe ufumu wa makanema ojambula a Walt Disney Company ukamangidwe. Zotsatizanazi sizinangoyimira kuyambika koyamba kwa Disney pakupanga ku Hollywood komanso kuwonetsa kuthekera ndi kuthekera kophatikiza zochitika ndi makanema ojambula, njira yomwe ingakonzedwenso ndikukulitsidwa kwazaka makumi angapo zotsatira.

Pamene Disney adasintha kuchoka ku chete kupita ku phokoso komanso kuchokera ku zojambula zakuda ndi zoyera kupita ku Technicolor, adapitiliza kupanga zatsopano, koma Alice Comedies amakhalabe umboni wofunikira wa chiyambi chodzichepetsa cha Walt Disney ndi masomphenya osatha. Ntchito izi, zomwe tsopano zili pagulu la anthu, zikupitirizabe kukondweretsedwa chifukwa cha ntchito yawo yaupainiya komanso zopanga nthawi zonse zomwe amaimira, kukumbutsa dziko lapansi za kulimba mtima ndi zatsopano zomwe zinayambitsa ufumu wamatsenga wa Disney.

Oswald kalulu

Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti Ozzie, anali protagonist wa akabudula angapo ojambula omwe adatulutsidwa ku kanema wa kanema kuyambira 1927 mpaka 1938, ndi magawo makumi awiri mphambu asanu ndi awiri opangidwa ndi studio ya Walt Disney. Nkhani ya Oswald ikugwirizana ndi kusintha kwakukulu pa ntchito ya Disney: pamene Universal inatenga ulamuliro wa khalidweli mu 1928, Disney adalenga munthu watsopano, Mickey Mouse, yemwe adakhala mmodzi mwa ojambula otchuka kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.

Chiwembu cha masewero a kanema a 2010 "Epic Mickey" akuwonetsa mbiri ya moyo weniweni wa Oswald, akulimbana ndi malingaliro osiyidwa ndi Disney komanso nsanje ya Mickey Mouse. Pambuyo pa zaka zambiri, Oswald anabwerera ku chilengedwe cha Disney pamene, mu 2006, The Walt Disney Company inapezanso ufulu wa khalidweli kudzera mu malonda okhudza masewera a masewera Al Michaels. Kuyambira pamenepo, Oswald adawonekera m'mapaki amutu a Disney, nthabwala ndi zotsatizana ndi masewera a "Epic Mickey".

Pansi pa kuwongolera kwa Disney, Oswald anali m'modzi mwa anthu oyamba kujambula kuti apatsidwe umunthu wosiyana, ndikuwunika lingaliro la "makanema otengera umunthu." Njira imeneyi imadziwika ndi anthu monga momwe anthu amawafotokozera kudzera mumayendedwe, machitidwe, ndi machitidwe, osati kungopanga. Oswald anali wachangu, watcheru, wacheeke, wokonda kuchita zinthu, wowoneka bwino komanso wowoneka bwino. Umunthu wake wapadera udauziridwa ndi Douglas Fairbanks chifukwa cha kulimba mtima kwake komanso kuchita zinthu mopupuluma.

Atataya ufulu kwa Oswald, Disney adayang'ana pa Mickey Mouse, yomwe posakhalitsa inadutsa kutchuka kwa Oswald ndipo inakhala maziko a ufumu wadziko lonse wa zosangalatsa. Komabe, kupezanso kwa Disney kwa Oswald kunali kuyanjananso kwa mbiri yakale ndi khalidwe lake loyamba lopambana, kukondwerera kubwereranso kwa khalidwe lokondedwa kwambiri ku banja la Disney.

Nkhani ya Oswald ikuwonetsa zovuta zamakampani opanga makanema oyambilira, kuwonetsa momwe ukadaulo ndi luso zingatulukire ngakhale pazovuta kwambiri. Ndi kubwerera kwake, Oswald samangokumbukira mbiri yakale ya Disney komanso akupitiriza kulimbikitsa mibadwo yatsopano kupyolera mu kukhalapo kwake m'masewera a kanema, mafilimu ndi mapaki amutu.