Batman - iyo nyaya ye gamba renyambo uye makatuni

Batman iro rakakurumbira bhuku remakomiki gamba, rakagamuchirwa muna 1939 nemunyori wescill Bill Finger uye muimbi Bob Kane. Akaonekwa kekutanga mumabhuku eDetective Comics aine tarisiro yekudzokorora kubudirira kukuru kwaSuperman, kunyangwe kana zvichipesana neyekupedzisira, Batman haana masimba, asi anongogona kugona kwevanhu. Batman inyaya yaBruce Wayne, mwanakomana wevapfumi kwazvo Thomas Wayne. Mushure mekupupura, achiri mwana, kuuraya kwevabereki vake nembavha, mudiki Bruce (Batman) akafunga kuvatsiva. Akapika zvakasimba kuti achapedza hupenyu hwake hwese achirwisa matsotsi ese. Kwemakore angangoita makumi maviri, Bruce mudiki (Batman) akazvipira iye oga kune zvakanyanya kudzidziswa, zvekuti muviri wake wakakwanisa kugona zvisingaite zvemitambo, akavewo musayendisiti mukuru. Mumakumi matatu, Bruce Wayne (Batman) akafunga kuti nguva yasvika yekuenderera kumberi kunzira yezvokwadi. Sezvaakafunga: "Matsotsi anotya uye vanhu vanodavira mashura, ndinoda chishongo chinovatyisa. Ndinofanira kunge ndiri chisikwa chehusiku, nhema, zvinotyisa… a… ”Panguva iyoyo chiremwaremwa chakabuda pahwindo. “Chiremwaremwa! - Bruce akasheedzera - Pano! zvakaita semashiripiti… ndichava chiremwaremwa! ”. Akasarudza zita rekuti Batman (Batman zvinoreva batman muChirungu) uye akazvivakira mbatya. Nekuda kwehunhu hwake saasayendisiti, akavaka nhevedzano yezvigadzirwa zvemhando yepamusoro uye michina, izvo zvinomubvumidza kutarisana nevatariri vese vane njodzi vanoonekwa nguva nenguva munyaya dzake. Batman's alter ego, akapfuma kwazvo Bruce Wayne akachinja pasi penzvimbo yake inoshamisira nyika villa kuita murabhoritari yesainzi yakashongedzerwa nemidziyo yazvino kwazvo yehunyanzvi. Pano tinowana, mukati mehombe haragen yakavakirwa padombo, yake yakanaka uye yakashongedzerwa mota (bat-mobile), ndege yake (bat-plano) uye zvisingaverengeke zvombo izvo zvaanozovakawo nguva nenguva nguva pahwaro hwengozi yemuvengi wake: bat-tambo (tambo ine zvikorekedzo kumagumo zvinomutendera kukwira nekusvetuka kubva kune chimwe chivakwa kuenda kune chimwe), bat-rang (rudzi rweboomerang muchimiro che bat) uye bat-pfuti zvishandiso zvese izvo Batman achazoshandisa mukufamba kwezviitiko zvake. Kubva payakatanga (uye kwete zvakawanda zvachinja kubva ipapo) chipfeko chaBatman chine machira machena ane mabhurugwa madema (ane mabhuruu anotaridzika), bhutsu dzemakumbo uye magurovhosi akareba epakati pehusiku, sehembe yemusoro anoshandisa chifukidzo chinosiya muromo wake chete uye chirebvu chakaburitswa, iye ari pamativi aine hura nzeve uye akapfeka jasi dema rinopetana semapapiro ebheti uye rinobatsira chaizvo sepaschute, apo Batman anofanirwa kutsvedza mushure mekuita kusvetuka. Batman anoshanda pamwe neGotham City (kumusha kwake) mukuru wemapurisa Commissioner Commissioner Gordon, uyo anowanzo kumudaidza kuburikidza ne-bat-signal (bhakoni rakajeka nemufananidzo webheti) paanofanira kugadzirisa imwe nyaya yakaoma kana kuti anofanira kutora. akaipa. Mune zviitiko zvake Batman anoperekedzwa nerimwe gamba: akatendeka Robin, mukomana anoshamisika. Uyu ndiye chaiye Dick Grayson, mukomana anotenda kugona kwake, zvibhakera uye kungwara kwake anokwanisa kupa Batman ruoko. Robin anopfeka mune bhurukwa dzvuku, tsvuku cape uye giravhosi girini uye bhutsu.

Izvo zvinoratidzira zvine mutsindo zviitiko zveBatman zviri pamusoro pevanhu vese vakashata vanowanikwa mune dzake nyaya, dzakateedzana dzevanhu vasinganzwisisike, vanopenga, vanotyisa uye vekutanga, vese vane hunhu hunovasiyanisa. Muvengi anonyanya kuzivikanwa waBatman hapana mubvunzo kuti Jocker, (uyo mumutauro wekutanga wekushandura mabhuku eItaly, akadaidzwa kuti "the Jolly") mhondi ine ganda jena rakacheneruka, bvudzi rakasvibirira, miromo yakatsvuka kwazvo uye chigaro chisingaperi chinobaya mazino ake. Iye rudzi rwekunyepedzera uyo anoda kuzvidaidza kuti "tsotsi muimbi" uye mufaro wake mukuru kuita zviito zvematsotsi achivaperekedza nemajee uye majee ekuravira kwakashata kweanosuruvarisa. Uyu hunhu (pamwe nevose vakashata munhevedzano) unopa kusangana kwaBatman naka, surreal uye kazhinji nguva inosetsa mamiriro. Mumwe muvengi weBatman ndiye Penguin, hunhu mune dzimwe nzira dzakafanana neJoker, sezvo achifarira kufara nemajee ematsotsi. Iye mupfupi, mukomana akagwinya anogara akapfeka jasi, ngowani yepamusoro uye amburera inova chombo chakanyanyisa. Mumwe muvengi waBatman ndiye Riddler, akapfeka matinji akasvibira ese akafukidzwa nemamaki ebvunzo. Izvi zvinoda kupokana naBatman naRobin nemibvunzo ine mhinduro inogara ichiratidza nzvimbo kwaachafanirwa kuita mhosva iyi. Catwoman zvakare ine njodzi huru, inoshandisa humbavha hwezvishongo. Iyo gallery yevatambi veBatman yakanyatso kukura, saka isu tinongorangarira mamwe eakawanda se "Zviso zviviri", tsotsi rine hafu yechiso chakajairika uye imwe hafu yakatsva nevitriol, "iyo Shanduko", "Scarecrow", "Faccia d'Argilla" nevamwe vazhinji. Pamwe chete neiyo duo Batman e Robin, kazhinji kazhinji kune zvakare anonakidza echikadzi manhamba senge Bat-Musikana (yechikadzi vhezheni ye Batman) uye Bat-Amazon, zvakare vakapfeka mbatya-dzakafemerwa mbatya uye mune dzakawanda zviitiko zvakakwanisa kuburitsa ivo protagonists kubva mumatambudziko. Kubva pazviitiko zveBatman zvinotaurwa mumakomiki, akati wandei mafirimu uye makatuni e cinema neterevhizheni akatorwa. Asi yaive yekutenda kushandurudzo yemukuru wekatuni Frank Miller kuti Batman akasangana nevechidiki nyowani kutanga mumakore makumi masere. Batman's masterpiece comic yakwanisa kudzoreredza iyo gothic uye inosiririsa chimiro chaicho chekutanga kwake kumufananidzo uyu, ichipa iyo nyaya zviito zvakawanda nemutambo, pasina kuregedza chinoshamisa icho chagara chakamusiyanisa. Muna 1989, nekuda kwefirimu yaTim Burton, Batman inowana budiriro isingaenzaniswi inoenderera nhasi, muchokwadi pakuburitswa kwayo kwekutanga yakaputsa zvese zvinyorwa zvehofisi munhoroondo ye cinema uye yakasimudzira bat-mania zvekuti rakava bhizimusi mukutengesa zvigadzirwa. Mumafirimu akasiyana-siyana eBatman akapfurwa mumakore achangopfuura isu tinofanirwa kuyeuka kududzirwa kwakanakisa kwaJack Nicholson muchinzvimbo cheJocker uye chaJim Carrey muchinzvimbo cheRiddler.