Imbali kaWalt Disney ukusuka kwi-1923 ukuya kwi-1937
Siqala amanqaku kwimbali yeNkampani yeWalt Disney kunye nenxalenye yokuqala, echaphazela iminyaka ukusuka kwi-1923 ukuya kwi-1937.
Ukususela ngo-1921 ukuya ku-1927
Emva phayaa ngo-1921, kwixesha elaphawulwa ngolangazelelo olushushu kunye nokulinga ubugcisa, oopopayi ababini abaselula baseMelika, uWalt Disney no-Ub Iwerks, benza iSitudiyo seLaugh-O-Gram kwisiXeko saseKansas, eMissouri. Esi situdiyo, nangona impumelelo yendawo yeebhulukhwe zayo, ngokukhawuleza yazifumana ijongene ne-bankruptcy, iqhubela iDisney ukuba ifune amathuba amatsha eHollywood, apho kunye nomntakwabo uRoy O. Disney, waseka iDisney Brothers Studio kwi-1923.
Ngotshintsho olumelwe kukuthengwa kwe "Alice's Wonderland", ifilimu emfutshane exube oopopayi kunye nentshukumo ephilayo, ngumsasazi waseNew York uMargaret J. Winkler, abazalwana bakwaDisney baqalisa ukuvelisa Alice Comedies. Olu ngcelele lweefilimu ezimfutshane lwalusisiqalo nje sothotho lwezinto ezintsha kunye nempumelelo eyayiza kuphawula indlela yenkampani esakhulayo.
Ukufudukela kwi-studio enkulu kwi-Hyperion Street kwi-1926 kwaphawula ukuqala kwexesha elitsha, kunye negama elitshintshela kwi-Walt Disney Studio. Kwaba kanye ngeli xesha apho umlingiswa wokuzalwa wazalwa UOswald uMvundla onethamsanqa (UOswald uMvundla onethamsanqa), uthotho lokuqala opopayi oludalwe ngokupheleleyo nguDisney, lusasazwe yiMifanekiso yeUniversal. Nangona kunjalo, emva kweengxabano zekhontrakthi kunye noCharles Mintz kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamalungelo ku-Oswald, i-Disney kunye ne-Iwerks baphoqeleka ukuba bazihlaziye, bedala umlingiswa oya kuba ngumfanekiso wehlabathi jikelele: uMickey Mouse.
Ukususela ngo-1928 ukuya ku-1937
"Mickey Mouse" yaqalwa ngo-1928 ngokuthi "USteamboat uWillie", Owokuqala opopayi omfutshane onesandi esilungelelanisiweyo, esiphawula ukuqala kwexesha legolide leWalt Disney Studios. Ukuphumelela ngokukhawuleza kukaMickey Mouse kwakhokelela ekudalweni kweefilimu ezimfutshane ezininzi, kunye nokuqala kweSilly Symphonies, uchungechunge olusebenzisa iindlela ezintsha zokubalisa kunye nezobuchwepheshe, ezifana nokusetyenziswa kweTechnicolor.
Kwiminyaka elishumi elandelayo yabona ukwanda kweDisney kwiindawo ezintsha, kubandakanywa ukuhanjiswa kwamanye amazwe, ukuveliswa kwemveliso, kunye nokwaziswa kwabalinganiswa abatsha, abafana. UDonald Duck uDonald Duck. Isicwangciso sokwahlukana kunye nokuqwalaselwa kumgangatho okhokelele iDisney ukuba isayine izivumelwano ezikhethekileyo zokusetyenziswa kombala kunye nokuphuhlisa ifilimu yokuqala yefilimu, "Imhlophe qhwa", isungula uhlobo lwefilimu eopopayi njengoko silwazi namhlanje.
Ngelo xesha, i-Disney iguqule imarike yokuthengisa, kunye nokuveliswa kwamathoyizi, iiwotshi kunye nezinye izinto ezinezihloko, ukudala imodeli yezoshishino edibanisa ukuzonwabisa, ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsha kunye neqhinga lokuthengisa. Ukuzalwa kwephephancwadi Mickey Mouse e-Italiyane yaphawula inguquko ekuvunyweni kwehlabathi lophawu lweDisney, ingqina ukubhenela okubanzi kwabalinganiswa bayo ngaphaya kwemida yaseMelika.
Ukusukela kwisiqalo esithobekileyo se-Laugh-O-Gram Studio ukuya ekusekweni kwe-animation empire eqhubeka ukuyolisa izizukulwana, ibali leminyaka yokuqala kaWalt Disney luhambo olunika umdla lokuyila, ukunyamezela, kunye nombono worhwebo. Uhambo oluguqule imiceli mngeni ibe ngamathuba, luphawula isiqalo sesahluko esiyintsomi kwimbali yecinema kunye noopopayi.
UAlice Comedy: Iifilimu ezimfutshane zikaWalt Disney zobuvulindlela
Ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, uWalt Disney wazisa uluhlu lweeshoti eziguquguqukayo ezaziza kuphawula imbali yomfanekiso: i-Alice Comedies. Yenziwe phakathi ko-1924 kunye no-1927, le misebenzi yobuvulindlela yadibanisa intshukumo ephilayo kunye noopopayi okokuqala, izisa umlinganiswa oselula, u-Alice, kwilizwe elimangalisayo elimangalisayo.
Imvelaphi: I-Alice's Wonderland
I-genesis ye-Alice Comedies inokulandelwa kwi-Laugh-O-Gram Studio, eyasungulwa yi-Disney e-Kansas City ngo-1922. Ngeqela elibandakanya ii-giants ze-animation ezizayo ezifana no-Ub Iwerks kunye noFriz Freleng, i-Disney yavelisa "i-Wonderland ka-Alice" , ifilimu emfutshane yokulinga exube inyaniso kunye nefantasy ngendlela entsha. Nangona imingeni yezemali eyakhokelela ekuvaleni istudiyo, loo mfutshane yayiza kubeka isiseko sempumelelo yeDisney yexesha elizayo.
Ukusuka kwisiXeko saseKansas ukuya eHollywood: Ukuzalwa kuka-Alice Comedies
Emva kokufudukela eLos Angeles ngo-1923, uDisney wakhawuleza ukuvuselela iprojekthi yakhe entsha. Ngenkxaso yomthengisi uMargaret J. Winkler, uDisney kunye nomntakwabo uRoy baseka iDisney Bros. Studio, bezala uAlice Comedies. Olu ngcelele, olubandakanya iifilimu ezimfutshane ezingama-56, wabona u-Alice, owaqala wadlalwa nguVirginia Davis, engena kwiLizwe leeKhathuni, enxibelelana nabalinganiswa abanoopopayi ababandakanya uJulius ikati, isandulela seMickey Mouse edumileyo.
Ukusungula nokuLinga
I-Alice Comedies yayiphawuleka ekusebenziseni kwabo ngenkalipho imithombo yeendaba exubeneyo, belindele iikhonsepthi eziya kuba sembindini wopopayi weDisney. Ngale misebenzi, uDisney wazama kwaye waphucula ubuchule obuya kuchaza isitayile sakhe, kubandakanya nongqamaniso lwesandi oluya kuthi kamva lube luguquko kwi "Steamboat Willie." Olu ngcelele lusebenze njengendawo yokusungula iitalente ezifana ne-Iwerks, odlale indima ebalulekileyo kuphuhliso lwabalinganiswa kunye noopopayi.
Ilifa elihlala lihleli
I-Alice Comedies iphawule okokuqala okubalulekileyo kweDisney, iseka isiseko apho ubukhosi boopopayi beNkampani yeWalt Disney iya kwakhiwa. Olu ngcelele aluzange lubonise kuphela umboniso wokuqala weDisney kwimveliso yaseHollywood kodwa lukwabonise ukuba nokwenzeka kunye nokubakho kokudibanisa isenzo esiphilayo kunye noopopayi, indlela eya kucokiswa kwaye yandiswe kumashumi eminyaka alandelayo.
Njengoko i-Disney isuka ekuthuleni ukuya kwisandi kwaye isuka kwi-animation emnyama-emhlophe ukuya kwi-Technicolor, waqhubeka evelisa izinto ezintsha, kodwa i-Alice Comedies ihlala ibubungqina obubalulekileyo kwisiqalo esithobekileyo sikaWalt Disney kunye nombono ongapheliyo. Le misebenzi, ngoku kwi-domain yoluntu, iyaqhubeka ibhiyozelwa ngenxa yendima yabo yobuvulindlela kunye nobuchule obungapheliyo abamele, ukukhumbuza ihlabathi ngesibindi kunye nokutsha okwaqala ubukumkani bomlingo beDisney.
UOswald umvundla
U-Oswald uMvundla oLucky, owaziwa ngokuba ngu-Ozzie, wayengumdlali ophambili weeshoti ezininzi ezinobomi ezikhutshwe kwi-cinema ukusuka kwi-1927 ukuya kwi-1938, kunye neziqephu ezingamashumi amabini anesixhenxe eziveliswe yi-studio ye-Walt Disney. Ibali lika-Oswald linxulunyaniswa nokuguquka okubalulekileyo kwi-career kaDisney: xa i-Universal ithatha ulawulo lomlingiswa ngo-1928, i-Disney yenza umlingiswa omtsha, uMickey Mouse, owaba ngomnye weekhathuni ezidumileyo kwihlabathi.
Icebo lomdlalo wevidiyo ka-2010 "Epic Mickey" libonisa ibali lobomi bokwenyani lika-Oswald, elijongana neemvakalelo zokulahlwa nguDisney kunye nomona kaMickey Mouse. Emva kweminyaka yokungabikho, u-Oswald wabuyela kwindalo ye-Disney xa, kwi-2006, i-Walt Disney Inkampani iphinde yafumana amalungelo kumlingiswa ngorhwebo olubandakanya umhlaziyi wezemidlalo u-Al Michaels. Ukususela ngoko, u-Oswald uvele kwiipaki ze-Disney ze-theme, ii-comics kunye ne-sequels kumdlalo we-"Epic Mickey".
Ngaphantsi kolwalathiso lwe-Disney lokudala, u-Oswald wayengomnye wabalinganiswa bokuqala beekhathuni ukuba banikwe ubuntu obahlukileyo, behlola ingcamango "ye-animation esekelwe kubuntu." Le ndlela iphawule abalinganiswa njengabantu ngabanye abachazwa ngeentshukumo zabo, iindlela zokuziphatha, kunye nezenzo, kunokuba nje ngoyilo. U-Oswald wayenamandla, ephaphile, ene-cheeky, enomdla, egcina i-trim kunye nenkangeleko efanelekileyo. Ubuntu bakhe obahlukileyo baphenjelelwa nguDouglas Fairbanks ngenxa yenkalipho yakhe kunye nesimo sakhe sengqondo sokufuna ikamva.
Emva kokulahlekelwa ngamalungelo ku-Oswald, i-Disney yagxila kwi-Mickey Mouse, eyathi yadlula ukuthandwa kuka-Oswald kwaye yaba sisiseko sombuso wokuzonwabisa wehlabathi. Nangona kunjalo, ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwe-Disney ka-Oswald kuphawule ukuhlangana kwakhona kwembali kunye nomlinganiswa wayo wokuqala ophumeleleyo, ukubhiyozela ukubuya komlinganiswa othandwa kakhulu kwintsapho yakwaDisney.
Ibali lika-Oswald libonisa amandla antsonkothileyo oshishino lokuqala oopopayi, ebonisa indlela ukuyila kunye nokusungula izinto ezinokuvela nakwezona meko zinzima. Ngokubuya kwakhe, u-Oswald akakhumbuli nje kuphela ilifa lembali likaDisney kodwa uyaqhubeka nokukhuthaza izizukulwana ezitsha ngobukho bakhe kwimidlalo yevidiyo, iifilimu kunye neepaki zemixholo.
